Modern medicine is inclined to increasingly parasitic theory of the origin of diseases, and confirmed that, if the parasites in the human body, observed regularity in the development of the various types of injuries. There are over 300 well-known organisms, leading a parasitic way of life on the surface of the skin and inside the people. All types of parasites have different lifecycles, the mechanisms of parasitism, but one thing unites them — cause a parasitic disease of enormous risk for the people.
Classification of parasites in the human body
There is the separation of true and false parasitism. Cases in which the pest does not belong to the parasites of man, damages in the event of accidental ingestion in the body, relate to the false. Examples are corridors, insects and leeches in the nose and throat, or ear. Due to the risk of extensive damage, blockage of the respiratory tract clear of this pest requires extra. The treatment of true parasitism usually drug, depends on the type of pest.
Parasites, on the surface of the body and of the external organs
Organisms, parasites on the surface of the skin lice, mites, bugs, some species of flies, mosquitoes. Bites cause harm to people, layers of the skin to form in the colony, changes to the skin caused. Parasites are a serious threat to the people as a carrier of infections and viruses, such as encephalitis, Malaria, typhoid, plague, anthrax.
Protozoa
This little parasite in humans, consisting of a cell, and the parasites in various organs and tissues, causes severe disease, often chronic. Among the best-known amoebae, Giardia, Toxoplasma. The way of the penetration of the parasites are diverse, especially about the food and the water. Some species cause deadly diseases, for example, a certain kind of amoeba that lives in water and the primary amebic meningoencephalitis.
Helminths
In the group of helminths, the types of parasitic worms that live in the internal organs of living organisms. They are large enough, the parasites can inflict a significant defeat tissues and organs, and if you cause left untreated, even death.
Can such types of parasites in the body:
- Round worms, hook worms are 1-2 mm (Trichinella) up to several tens of centimeters (nematode). Some species, such as hookworm, penetrate through the skin.
- Trematodes, flatworms, popularly called "leeches" due to suction cups on the body. The infection takes place by penetration into the body-invasive Form of the parasite, in the body developing an intermediate host or in the water.
- The largest worms, cestody, more well-known name — tapeworms taenia or. There are more than 10-15 m (bullish tsepen), while the largest representative, a tape worm, reached more than 20 m. between the product of the host and the source of infection usually occur in farm animals.
Localization, how and where it lives the parasite
There are different forms of localization. The temporal localization is the presence of the parasites in the body in a certain period of time of a development cycle. Solid Form, if the parasites in the body cycle of life your whole life, laying their eggs in the human body, and is not required for the maturation of the intermediate host. The Transit Form of the localization is the time of the Migration of the parasite to a habitat.
For the diagnosis and treatment it is important to consider how the shape, type and localization. According to the arrangement, are divided into 2 main groups. The first group of parasites on the skin organisms. Parasites inside of people, impact on the internal organs, the varieties of living on the bones, the tissues and the liquids, are a group of endoparasites, including protozoa, and helminths belong to.
Parasites inside and on the human skin
Internal parasites of man are divided into 2 types of parasites, tissue parasites-abdominal organs in connection with the external environment. There are atypical forms of the infection, when the parasites in uncharacteristic for the habitats of its kind, in that it is difficult, the diagnosis and treatment, especially in case of infestation of the brain.
Parasites, on the surface of the body and to the outer bodies of two basic ways, parasitism, temporary and permanent. To supply the pests, to the creatures, feeding by the bites, are temporary, and dangerous infections. Parasites live on the skin of the people, the integrity of the epithelium cause skin diseases.
The encountered species
Among the most common parasites, the apartment is on high on layers of the skin, the causative agent of mange — Sarcoptes mites, lice, lice, and skin the tick — the causative agent of demodicosis. In the spring and in the autumn of ticks to life in field and forest territory. From the simplest to the most common types of parasites are in humans, such as Giardia, Toxoplasma, Trichomonas, amoeba, Plasmodium. This is one of the most common worms to cattle and swine tsepen and largest — a tape worm. Among the nematodes, not infrequently, thread worm, pinworm, Trichinella, whipworm diagnosed. Of fasciola common flatfish of the liver, and the giant.
General symptoms of infestation
When the eggs of the parasites or adults are parasitic organisms enter the body, the incubation period, the parasitic infection can be asymptomatic. Signs of ectoparasites, immediately noticeable on the skin allergic skin rashes, wounds, itching appear. Endoparasites reveal more difficult, a parasitic disease often have symptoms similar to other diseases. The primary symptoms are caused by the action of the toxins, which is often perceived as the result of overwork and ignored.
Signal for the diagnosis of the occurrence of these symptoms is:
- allergic reactions to the waste products of parasites;
- Anemia;
- Headaches;
- unreasonable sleep disorders;
- Dyspepsia;
- frequent nausea, pain in the abdomen;
- Disorders of the digestive tract;
- increased body temperature;
- Pain in the liver or enlargement of the organ;
- frequent gratuitous pain in the joints, muscles;
- any lengthy complaints not in connection with other diagnosed disorders.
Diagnosis
Discover ectoparasites in the skin can examination by visual and microscopic analysis of the tissue. Complicate the diagnosis.severe allergic reactions and secondary infections that look like skin diseases, not the parasitic origin
In time a presence of endoparasites is much more difficult, the list of parasites in the body of the people exceeds hundreds of species, requires a comprehensive diagnosis, consisting of several analyses and procedures:
- the General analysis of blood;
- the immunofermentnyj the blood analysis;
- Examination of feces;
- CT and ultrasonography, it allows you to quickly identify the largest type;
- the analysis of the duodenal contents;
- Investigation of the secretion of 12-perstnoj the Drme.
Medication and treatment
The treatment of parasitic diseases must necessarily be complex, the findings by the attending physician on the basis of the laboratory and the individual characteristics of the patient. This is due to the high toxicity of drugs, the need for regular monitoring of the condition of the patient. Self-treatment can have negative effects, lead to life-threatening complications. If parasites are not the people typically identify risks and methods of treatment without specialist not possible.
Therapeutic measures be conditionally divided into three phases. The Phase of preparation is necessary for the removal of toxins from the body, the relief of acute symptoms and to protect the internal organs from the harmful effects of drugs. In these objectives, hepatoprotectors prescribed special medication for the purification of the body, antibiotics, diet.
The second Phase — the destruction of the parasites, begin when the patient's condition is stable. Large helminths, such as bullish tsepen and large pests to be removed in the inner tissues, often surgically. On the duration of the drug course affects the life cycle of the individual, the degree of the lesions.
The third Phase aims to restore the body and the prevention of recontamination. In cases of mild mold infestation is relatively simple treatments. Parasitic diseases of the people require long-term treatment and recovery, the intake of drugs during therapy delays the process of recovery.
Preventive Measures
The basis of prevention is the observance of personal Hygiene, handling of food and the purification of drinking water, compliance with the hygiene rules when cooking meat and fish. Caution should be exercised in bathing in the fresh water, where affecting a large number of dangerous pests. Protection against ectoparasites is the use of high-quality Repellents, avoid contact with infected persons and objects.
Which are considered to be dangerous pests in the tropics and hot countries, plan a trip to places that you should carefully to protect from insects All parasites in our body, to pose a threat to the health of, and compliance with preventive measures, you can prevent serious parasitic infections.